| 周堃,吴护林,吴德权,赵方超,刘聪,李旭.环境试验与装备环境工程发展历程及相关标准[J].装备环境工程,2025,22(3):146-151. ZHOU Kun,WU Hulin,WU Dequan,ZHAO Fangchao,LIU Cong,LI Xu.Development Process and Related Standards of Environmental Testing and Equipment Environmental Engineering[J].Equipment Environmental Engineering,2025,22(3):146-151. |
| 环境试验与装备环境工程发展历程及相关标准 |
| Development Process and Related Standards of Environmental Testing and Equipment Environmental Engineering |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-13 修订日期：2024-11-18 |
| DOI：10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2025.03.017 |
| 中文关键词: 环境试验 装备环境工程 发展历程 MIL-STD-810中图分类号:TJ01 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1672-9242(2025)03-0146-06 |
| 英文关键词:environmental testing equipment environmental engineering development history MIL-STD-810 |
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| Author | Institution |
| ZHOU Kun | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
| WU Hulin | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
| WU Dequan | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
| ZHAO Fangchao | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
| LIU Cong | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
| LI Xu | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 介绍了环境试验中的自然环境试验、实验室环境试验两大试验方法，以及以MIL-STD-810系列标准为代表的装备环境工程的历史起源与迭代发展历程。按照时间线详细论述了环境试验如何由初步的试验程序集合，发展为规范完善的试验方法(MIL-STD-810A)，并逐渐转变为服务用户进行试验实操的指导性文件(MIL-STD-810D)，最后上升成为系统性管理文件(MIL-STD-810F)的演化历程，从动态的视角评述了该系列标准发展的必然性及历史局限性。针对最新标准MIL-STD-810H，详细介绍了其内涵、目的用途、用户对象、环境因素范畴以及使用指导原则。论述指出，以MIL-STD-810H为代表的装备环境工程是一项系统工程，需要将相关工作纳入装备采办全过程并推行环境工程管理，才能发挥其效能。通过对比我国2个重要标准GJB 150、GJB 4239与MIL-STD-810系列标准的关系、相同点及本土化后的适用差异，指明GJB 4239等顶层设计标准未来发展需要更多的配套标准支撑。最后指出装备环境工程不仅仅是开展环境试验，环境试验也不仅仅是把关考核手段；实验室环境试验不能取代自然环境试验，若条件允许要让装备经历真实的气候环境作用和慢速环境效应累积过程；环境试验要注重复现环境效应而非再现环境条件本身，要根据特定装备全寿命期预计经历的环境条件来剪裁设计，而非直接简单采用一成不变的菜单式的环境试验。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper introduced the historical origination and iterative development processes of natural environment tests, laboratory environment tests, and the equipment environmental engineering which represented by a series standards of MIL-STD-810. It emphatically introduced the evolutionary process of equipment environmental engineering according to the time line:firstly, a set of preliminary test procedures grew into more standardized test methods (MIL-STD-810A), then gradually transformed into guiding documents (MIL-STD-810D) to help users with execution manner, and finally developed into a systematic management document (MIL-STD-810F). On the other hand, their necessity and historical limitations were also reviewed from a dynamic perspective. For the newly formed standard MIL-STD-810H, this paper made a detailed introduction about its content, application purpose, user community, environmental factor category, and application guidelines. The discussion revealed that the equipment environmental engineering is a systematic engineering, and it is necessary to carry out environmental engineering management by incorporating related works into the whole process of equipment acquisition to release its potential effectiveness. This paper compared domestic standards GJB 150, GJB 4239 and the series standards of MIL-STD-810 in terms of their relationship, similarity and application difference after localization. Results detected that the top-level design standards such as GJB 4239 required more supporting standards for future development. Moreover, the discussion indicated that the equipment environmental engineering is not only about the environmental test, and the environmental test is not only about checking of evaluation methods. Natural environmental testing cannot be replaced by laboratory environmental testing. The equipment should be subject to the real climate and slow accumulation effect of environments if conditions were permitted. And the environmental testing should pay more attention to the recurrence of environmental effects rather than reproducing the environment conditions. Meanwhile, the environmental experiments should be tailored and designed according to the environmental conditions to which each particular equipment would be exposed during their whole lifetime, rather than simply executing the instruction according to the well-regulated environmental testing menu. |
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