| 李茜,郭赞洪,胡涛,王玲,刘溅洪,赵方超.聚酰胺工程塑料在典型大气环境中的老化行为和性能变化研究[J].装备环境工程,2025,22(4):141-147. LI Qian,GUO Zanhong,HU Tao,WANG Ling,LIU Jianhong,ZHAO Fangchao.Aging Behavior and Performance Changes of Polyamide Engineering Plastics in Typical Atmospheric Environments[J].Equipment Environmental Engineering,2025,22(4):141-147. |
| 聚酰胺工程塑料在典型大气环境中的老化行为和性能变化研究 |
| Aging Behavior and Performance Changes of Polyamide Engineering Plastics in Typical Atmospheric Environments |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-16 修订日期：2025-03-05 |
| DOI：10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2025.04.018 |
| 中文关键词: FRPA6G30B聚酰胺 自然暴露 老化行为 吸湿 表观形貌 力学性能 热分析中图分类号:TJ04 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1672-9242(2025)04-0141-07 |
| 英文关键词:FRPA6G30B natural exposure aging behavior hygroscopic absorption apparent morphology mechanical properties thermal analysis |
| 基金项目: |
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| Author | Institution |
| LI Qian | Equipment Environmental Engineering Research Center, Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400050, China;Environmental Effects and Protection of Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing 400050, China |
| GUO Zanhong | Equipment Environmental Engineering Research Center, Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400050, China |
| HU Tao | Equipment Environmental Engineering Research Center, Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400050, China;Environmental Effects and Protection of Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing 400050, China |
| WANG Ling | Equipment Environmental Engineering Research Center, Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400050, China;Environmental Effects and Protection of Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing 400050, China |
| LIU Jianhong | Equipment Environmental Engineering Research Center, Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400050, China;Environmental Effects and Protection of Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing 400050, China |
| ZHAO Fangchao | Equipment Environmental Engineering Research Center, Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400050, China;Environmental Effects and Protection of Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing 400050, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 研究聚酰胺工程塑料在典型大气环境(海洋大气、高原低气压、寒冷低温和干热沙漠)中的老化过程和关键性能的变化，为装备构件用工程塑料的设计和环境效应控制等提供数据及理论支撑。方法 开展FRPA6G30B聚酰胺试样的户外暴露试验，利用力学试验机、光学显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱等工具分析其外观形貌、力学性能、光谱特征等变化。结果 FRPA6G30B工程塑料在不同环境自然试验4 a后，表现出不同程度变色、粉化和纤维裸露，尤其在万宁和漠河站的外观变化尤为明显。其中，在万宁试验后，试样表面甚至长满了霉菌。此外，外红外光谱分析也揭示了老化迹象，包括特征峰强度减弱和新特征峰的出现。整个试验过程中，样品的力学性能受“吸湿-脱湿”的影响显著。结论 不同试验环境下，FRPA6G30B试样的老化特征和力学性能变化规律相似，老化特征为变色、粉化和纤维裸露。性能变化与材料的“吸湿-脱湿”密切相关，主要有2种变化趋势，一是拉伸强度和弯曲强度变化规律表现为短时下降后平缓，下降幅度几乎达到30%；二是冲击强度和断裂应变变化规律表现为短时骤增后呈起伏波动，上升幅度达到了100%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to explore the aging behavior and key performance changes of polyamide engineering plastics in typical atmospheric environments (marine atmosphere, plateau low-pressure atmosphere, cold and low-temperature atmosphere, dry and hot deserts), providing data and theoretical support for the design of engineering plastics for equipment components and environmental effect control. The outdoor exposure test of FRPA6G30B polyamide samples was carried out, and the changes in appearance, morphology, mechanical properties and spectral characteristics of polyamide samples were analyzed by mechanical testing machine, optical microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. FRPA6G30B engineering plastics appeared to have different degrees of discoloration, chalking and fiber exposure after 4 years of natural testing in different environments, especially in Wanning and Mohe stations, where the surface of the samples was even covered with mold after the test in Wanning. In addition, the infrared spectroscopy also revealed signs of aging, including the weakening of the intensity of the characteristic peaks and the emergence of new characteristic peaks. The mechanical properties of the sample were significantly affected by "hygroscopic absorption-dehumidification" during the whole test. Under different test environments, the aging characteristics and mechanical properties of FRPA6G30B samples are similar, and the aging characteristics are discoloration, chalking and fiber exposure. The change of properties is closely related to the "hygroscopic absorption-dehumidification" of the material, and there are two main change trends, namely that firstly, the tensile strength and flexural strength change law is shown to be flat after a short period of decline, and the decline range is almost 30% and secondly, the change law of impact strength and fracture strain shows that the short-term sudden increase is followed by undulating fluctuations, and the increase reaches 100%. |
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