| 杨宗豫,王迎晖,路慧杰,王探靖.船用铅酸蓄电池低温环境下的适应性试验研究[J].装备环境工程,2025,22(4):99-105. YANG Zongyu,WANG Yinghui,LU Huijie,WANG Tanjing.Experimental Study on the Adaptability of Marine Lead-acid Batteries in Low-temperature Environment[J].Equipment Environmental Engineering,2025,22(4):99-105. |
| 船用铅酸蓄电池低温环境下的适应性试验研究 |
| Experimental Study on the Adaptability of Marine Lead-acid Batteries in Low-temperature Environment |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-20 修订日期：2025-03-20 |
| DOI：10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2025.04.013 |
| 中文关键词: 船用设备 铅酸蓄电池 环境适应性 低温贮存 低温放电 启动电流中图分类号:TM912.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1672-9242(2025)04-0099-07 |
| 英文关键词:marine equipment lead-acid battery environmental adaptability low-temperature storage low-temperature discharge starting current |
| 基金项目:水动力学全国重点实验室基金 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 验证某船用铅酸蓄电池在低温环境下的功能特性，探讨低温环境因素与铅酸蓄电池功能丧失、性能下降的关系。方法 基于环境模拟试验，分析在–30~0 ℃固定温度量值下铅酸蓄电池的低温贮存、低温放电特性规律。结果 贮存试验结果表明，随温度降低，蓄电池内阻升高、启动电流降低，至–30 ℃时，蓄电池启动电流已降至冷启动电流值280 A。放电试验结果表明，放电温度越低，电压下降速率越高，其放电曲线呈现初期速降-略有回升-缓慢下降-接近截止电压后期快速降低的态势。结论 低温引起的电解质黏度增大、浓度降低、内阻增加，影响到铅酸蓄电池的贮存及放电性能，铅酸蓄电池的低温适应及使用能力大幅下降。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to verify the functional performance of lead-acid batteries in the low-temperature environment of the polar region and investigate the relationship between the low-temperature environmental factors and the loss of function and performance degradation of lead-acid batteries. Based on the environmental simulation test, the low-temperature storage and low-temperature discharge characteristics of lead-acid batteries were analyzed under the fixed temperature values from –30 ℃ to 0 ℃. In the storage test, as the temperature decreased, the internal resistance of the battery increased and the starting current decreased, and the changes of internal resistance and starting current had a tendency to accelerate. By –30 ℃, the starting current of the battery had dropped to the cold cranking ampere value of 280 A. In the low-temperature discharge tests, as the temperature decreased, the voltage rate drop went higher. The discharge curve showed a tendency of rapid decline in the initial stage-slight rebound-slow decline-steep decline towards the late cut-off voltage. The low temperature induces the increase in electrolyte viscosity, decrease in concentration, and increase in internal resistance, which affects the storage and discharge performance of lead-acid batteries. As a result, the low-temperature adaptability and usage ability of lead-acid batteries are significantly reduced. |
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